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哪位大侠帮忙翻译下，汽车类的英文文献，谢谢了，急需3
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作者： cgs2008
01-01 08:00
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1.2.4 四轮转向系统国内外发展现状
上世纪八十年代，国外开始研究开发四轮转向系统((4WS)。本FH ( Honda汽车公司发展出机械式四轮转向系统(Furukawa,1989)，其系统使用两套转向机构，分别为前轮转向机构与后轮转向机构，其间以转向轴相连，如图1-3所示。
日产(Nissan)汽车公司之四轮转向系统(HICAS ) (Irie,1989; Furukawa,1989)系利用后轮先中立再同相位转向之车辆重心侧滑角控制方法，此四轮转向系统包括:侦测车速及方向盘转动量之传感器、接受车速及方向盘转动量之输入以计算后轮转角大小之控制器、液压系统及安全装置< fail-safe system )。当控制器接受车速及方向盘转动量之输入时，会立即经匡控制器计算出后轮所需之转角后，传送讯号至液压系统，进而推动后轮至所要求之转角，如图1-4所示。
日产汽车公司之后又研发出利用后轮先逆向立转向再同相位转向之四轮转向系统(SUPERHICAS) (Eguchi,1989)，如图1-- 5所示。此四轮转向系统系利用控制器接受车速传感器及方向盘转角传感器之讯号来计算出后轮所需之转角，继而使液压系统推动后轮转向，而此四轮转向车辆之后轮转角最多只可达到1度。此四轮转向系统亦配有安全装置，当四轮转向车辆因液压系统或控制器发生故障时，安全装置会令后轮恢复至中立转向，使车辆回复至一般前轮转向车辆之操作，以免造成行车之危险。
进入上世纪九十年代，随着电子工业的发展，使得电子技术广泛应用于提高车辆总体性能上，尤其是改善车辆操纵稳定性方面，加上现代控制理论的应用，以及计算机模拟仿真技术的融入，使得4WS发展更加成熟、应用更为广泛
在工程机械领域，由于工程车辆行走条件以及自身总体布置等要求，需要的车辆行驶速度可以很低，但转向的功能要求很高，所以普通两轮转向车辆难以实现。由于四轮转向车辆的转弯半径明显小于前轮转向车辆(最高时可以缩小一半)，使工程车辆在狭窄场地具有良好的通过性。四轮转向已在从国外引进的工程车辆上得到实际应用，如美国CMI Terex的四履带水泥摊铺机SF-3004和美国Case公司的560挖沟机等。其转向系统主要采用SAUER公司提供的电液转向系（ EHPS ) ，如图I-6所示。基本的转向系由先导阀和电液转向组合阀块组成，组合阀块控制输出到转向缸的油流与先导阀的输入油流成正例。此系统还可用控制手柄实现电子信号输入，以及加入微控制器实现电子信号输入。图1-6a为无先导阀的电液转向系，图I -6b为有先导阀的电液转向系，图I -6c为带反馈以及CAN总线的电液转向系。
电液转向系的优点:很高的转向压力只需要较小的转向液压缸;辅助阀的低压可以降低系统的噪声;当泵失效时可以实现手动紧急制动;降低车辆的侧偏加速度;微控制器可以实现无转向漂流，可变转向比，自动转向，以及CAN总线接口等。
在国内，我国机械工业起步较晚，虽然工程机械企业近年也在致力于机电一体化，但是在全轮转向技术、行驶驱动电控技术等方面并没有取得突破，也就是说目前国内对于四轮转向技术的研究和开发很少，相关的技术及配置主要依赖进口。目前而言，国内还没有产品具有四轮转向功能。 |
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回复：哪位大侠帮忙翻译下，汽车类的英文文献，谢谢了，急需3
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作者： zengjzhen
01-01 08:00
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1.2.4 The four-wheeler change direction system a domestic and international development present condition
Last century 80's, abroad beginning research development the four-wheeler change direction system(.(4 WS)This FH( Honda car company development machine type the four-wheeler change direction system(Furukawa, 1989), its system usage 2 sets change direction organization, respectively is front rotate toward the organization and empress rotate to the organization, in the interval with change direction stalk connect with each other, such as diagram 1-3 show.
The day produce(Nissan) the four-wheeler of car company to change direction system(HICAS)(Irie, 1989; Furukawa, 1989)fasten make use of behind round first neutral again together and mutually change direction of vehicle center of gravity side slippery Cape control method, this four-wheeler change direction system to include: detect a car soon and the steer device turn momentum it spread a feeling machine and accept a car soon and the steer device turn momentum of importation with calculation empress rotate Cape size of the controller, liquid press system and safety device< fail-safe system).When the controller accept a car soon and the steer device turn momentum of importation, meeting immediately after Kuang controller compute empress round need it turning Cape, transmission signal go to the liquid press system, then empress the push round go to request it turn Cape, such as diagram 1-4 show.
After day produce car company again development make use of behind round first contrary sign to change direction again together and mutually change direction of the four-wheeler change direction system(SUPERHICAS)(Eguchi, 1989), such as diagram 1- 5 show.This four-wheeler change direction system to fasten exploitation controller to accept a car to soon spread feeling machine and steer device to turn the signal that the Cape spread a feeling machine to come to compute empress a round need it turn Cape, subsequently make the liquid press system push empress rotate to, but after this four-wheeler change direction vehicle rotate Cape most can only attain one degree.This four-wheeler change direction system to also have a safety device, be when the four-wheeler change direction vehicle to press system or controller occurrence break down because of the liquid, the safety device will make behind round instauration to neutral change direction, make vehicle reply to general front rotate to vehicle of operation, in order to prevent result in line car of dangerous.
Get into the last century 90's, along with electronics industry of development, make electronics technique extensive application in exaltation the vehicle total function up, particularly is improvement the vehicle manipulate a stability and plus a modern control theories of application, and calculator imitate imitate true technique of integrate, make 4 WS development more mature, application more extensive
At engineering machine realm, run about condition and oneself because of the engineering vehicle total decoration etc. request, demand of the vehicle drive speed can very low, but change direction of function request very Gao, so common two rotate to vehicle hard realization.Because the four-wheeler change direction the turn radius of vehicle obvious small in front rotate toward the vehicle(tallest can contract half), make the engineering vehicle have to pass sex goodly in the narrow place.The four-wheeler change direction already at from abroad usher in of engineering vehicle top get actual application, such as the United States CMI Terex of four track cement the stand spread the machine SF-3004 and the United States Case company of 560 dig ditch machine etc..It change direction the system main adoption SAUER company to provide of electricity the liquid change direction to fasten( EHPS), such as the diagram I-6 show.Basically change direction to fasten from lead valve and electricity liquid first to change direction combination valve piece to constitute, combination valve piece control output oil of change direction the urn to flow with lead valve first of importation the oil flow positive example.This system return and can use the control hand handle realization electronics signal importation, and join tiny controller realization electronics signal importation.The diagram 1-6 a for have no to lead valve first of electricity the liquid change direction to fasten, the diagram b I-6 for lead valve first of electricity the liquid change direction to fasten, the diagram c I-6 for take feedback and CAN total line of electricity the liquid change direction to fasten.
The electricity liquid change direction to fasten of advantage:very high change direction a pressure's demand to more and smallly change direction a liquid to press an urn;The low pressure of assistance valve can lower the Zao voice of system;When pump expiration can realization move urgent make to move;The side which lower vehicle is partial to acceleration;Tiny controller can the realization have never change direction drift, variable change direction ratio, auto change direction, and CAN total the line pick up a people etc..
At domestic, our country machine industry the start compare night, although the business enterprise recent years of the engineering machine be also concentrate on machine electricity integral whole to turn, at whole rotate to the technique, drive to drive electricity to control technique's etc. have never obtain break, be also say currently domestic change direction to the four-wheeler technique of research and development few, related technique and allocation main dependence import.Currently but speech, domestic didn't°yet the product have four-wheeler to change direction function. |
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回复：哪位大侠帮忙翻译下，汽车类的英文文献，谢谢了，急需3
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作者： 炼丹祖师
04-26 14:09
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dasdasdasdasdas |
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